Python语言程序设计课程案例 @ 北理工MOOC

Selected by liuyujie0136

（一）Python基本语法元素

#TempConvert.py
TempStr = input("请输入带有符号的温度值: ")
if TempStr[-1] in ['F', 'f']:
    C = (eval(TempStr[0:-1]) - 32)/1.8
    print("转换后的温度是{:.2f}C".format(C))
elif TempStr[-1] in ['C', 'c']:
    F = 1.8*eval(TempStr[0:-1]) + 32
    print("转换后的温度是{:.2f}F".format(F))
else:
    print("输入格式错误")

（二）Python基本图形绘制

#PythonDraw.py
import turtle
turtle.setup(650, 350, 200, 200)
turtle.penup()
turtle.fd(-250)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.pensize(25)
turtle.pencolor("purple")
turtle.seth(-40)
for i in range(4):
    turtle.circle(40, 80)
    turtle.circle(-40, 80)
turtle.circle(40, 80/2)
turtle.fd(40)
turtle.circle(16, 180)
turtle.fd(40 * 2/3)
turtle.done()

（三）基本数据类型

天天向上的力量第一问

#DayDayUpQ1.py
dayup = pow(1.001, 365)
daydown = pow(0.999, 365)
print("向上：{:.2f}，向下：{:.2f}".format(dayup, daydown))

天天向上的力量第二问

#DayDayUpQ2.py
dayfactor = 0.005
dayup = pow(1+dayfactor, 365)
daydown = pow(1-dayfactor, 365)
print("向上：{:.2f}，向下：{:.2f}".format(dayup, daydown))

天天向上的力量第三问

#DayDayUpQ3.py
dayup = 1.0
dayfactor = 0.01
for i in range(365):
   if i % 7 in [6,0]:
       dayup = dayup*(1-dayfactor)
   else:
       dayup = dayup*(1+dayfactor)
print("工作日的力量：{:.2f} ".format(dayup))

天天向上的力量第四问

#DayDayUpQ4.py
def dayUP(df):
    dayup = 1
    for i in range(365):
       if i % 7 in [6,0]:
           dayup = dayup*(1 - 0.01)
       else:
           dayup = dayup*(1 + df)
    return dayup
dayfactor = 0.01
while dayUP(dayfactor) < 37.78:
    dayfactor += 0.001
print("工作日的努力参数是：{:.3f} ".format(dayfactor))

文本进度条简单的开始

#TextProBarV1.py
import time
scale = 10
print("------执行开始------")
for i in range(scale+1):
    a = '*' * i
    b = '.' * (scale - i)
    c = (i/scale)*100
    print("{:^3.0f}%[{}->{}]".format(c,a,b))
    time.sleep(0.1)
print("------执行结束------")

文本进度条单行动态刷新

#TextProBarV2.py
import time
for i in range(101):
    print("\r{:3}%".format(i), end="")
    time.sleep(0.1)

文本进度条实例完整效果

#TextProBarV3.py
import time
scale = 50
print("执行开始".center(scale//2, "-"))
start = time.perf_counter()
for i in range(scale+1):
    a = '*' * i
    b = '.' * (scale - i)
    c = (i/scale)*100
    dur = time.perf_counter() - start
    print("\r{:^3.0f}%[{}->{}]{:.2f}s".format(c,a,b,dur),end='')
    time.sleep(0.1)
print("\n"+"执行结束".center(scale//2,'-'))

（四）程序的控制结构

BMI指数计算版本1

#CalBMIv1.py
height, weight = eval(input("请输入身高(米)和体重(公斤)[逗号隔开]: "))
bmi = weight / pow(height, 2)
print("BMI 数值为：{:.2f}".format(bmi))
who = ""
if bmi < 18.5:
    who = "偏瘦"
elif 18.5 <= bmi < 25:
    who = "正常"
elif 25 <= bmi < 30:
    who = "偏胖"
else:
    who = "肥胖"
print("BMI 指标为:国际'{0}'".format(who))

BMI指数计算版本2

#CalBMIv2.py
height, weight = eval(input("请输入身高(米)和体重\(公斤)[逗号隔开]: "))
bmi = weight / pow(height, 2)
print("BMI 数值为：{:.2f}".format(bmi))
nat = ""
if bmi < 18.5:
    nat = "偏瘦"
elif 18.5 <= bmi < 24:
    nat = "正常"
elif 24 <= bmi < 28:
    nat = "偏胖"
else:
    nat = "肥胖"
print("BMI 指标为:国内'{0}'".format(nat))

BMI指数计算版本3

#CalBMIv3.py
height, weight = eval(input("请输入身高(米)和体重(公斤)[逗号隔开]: "))
bmi = weight / pow(height, 2)
print("BMI 数值为：{:.2f}".format(bmi))
who, nat = "", ""
if bmi < 18.5:
    who, nat = "偏瘦", "偏瘦"
elif 18.5 <= bmi < 24:
    who, nat = "正常", "正常"
elif 24 <= bmi < 25:
    who, nat = "正常", "偏胖"
elif 25 <= bmi < 28:
    who, nat = "偏胖", "偏胖"
elif 28 <= bmi < 30:
    who, nat = "偏胖", "肥胖"
else:
    who, nat = "肥胖", "肥胖"
print("BMI 指标为:国际'{0}', 国内'{1}'".format(who, nat))

圆周率计算公式法

#CalPiV1.py
pi = 0
N = 100
for k in range(N):
    pi += 1/pow(16,k)*( \
              4/(8*k+1) - 2/(8*k+4) - \
              1/(8*k+5) - 1/(8*k+6) ) 
print("圆周率值是: {}".format(pi))

圆周率计算蒙特卡罗方法

#CalPiV2.py
from random import random
from time import perf_counter
DARTS = 1000*1000
hits = 0.0
start = perf_counter()
for i in range(1, DARTS+1):
    x, y = random(), random()
    dist = pow(x ** 2 + y ** 2, 0.5)
    if dist <= 1.0:
        hits = hits + 1
pi = 4 * (hits/DARTS)
print("圆周率值是: {}".format(pi))
print("运行时间是: {:.5f}s".format(perf_counter() - start))

（五）函数和代码复用

七段数码管版本一

#SevenDigitsDrawV1.py
import turtle
def drawLine(draw):   #绘制单段数码管
    turtle.pendown() if draw else turtle.penup()
    turtle.fd(40)
    turtle.right(90)
def drawDigit(digit): #根据数字绘制七段数码管
    drawLine(True) if digit in [2,3,4,5,6,8,9] else drawLine(False)
    drawLine(True) if digit in [0,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9] else drawLine(False)
    drawLine(True) if digit in [0,2,3,5,6,8,9] else drawLine(False)
    drawLine(True) if digit in [0,2,6,8] else drawLine(False)
    turtle.left(90)
    drawLine(True) if digit in [0,4,5,6,8,9] else drawLine(False)
    drawLine(True) if digit in [0,2,3,5,6,7,8,9] else drawLine(False)
    drawLine(True) if digit in [0,1,2,3,4,7,8,9] else drawLine(False)
    turtle.left(180)
    turtle.penup()
    turtle.fd(20) 
def drawDate(date):  #获得要输出的数字
    for i in date:
        drawDigit(eval(i))  #通过eval()函数将数字变为整数
def main():
    turtle.setup(800, 350, 200, 200)
    turtle.penup()
    turtle.fd(-300)
    turtle.pensize(5)
    drawDate('20181010')
    turtle.hideturtle()
    turtle.done()
main()

七段数码管版本二

#SevenDigitsDrawV2.py
import turtle, time
def drawGap(): #绘制数码管间隔
    turtle.penup()
    turtle.fd(5)
def drawLine(draw):   #绘制单段数码管
    drawGap()
    turtle.pendown() if draw else turtle.penup()
    turtle.fd(40)
    drawGap()
    turtle.right(90)
def drawDigit(d): #根据数字绘制七段数码管
    drawLine(True) if d in [2,3,4,5,6,8,9] else drawLine(False)
    drawLine(True) if d in [0,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9] else drawLine(False)
    drawLine(True) if d in [0,2,3,5,6,8,9] else drawLine(False)
    drawLine(True) if d in [0,2,6,8] else drawLine(False)
    turtle.left(90)
    drawLine(True) if d in [0,4,5,6,8,9] else drawLine(False)
    drawLine(True) if d in [0,2,3,5,6,7,8,9] else drawLine(False)
    drawLine(True) if d in [0,1,2,3,4,7,8,9] else drawLine(False)
    turtle.left(180)
    turtle.penup()
    turtle.fd(20)
def drawDate(date):
    turtle.pencolor("red")
    for i in date:
        if i == '-':
            turtle.write('年',font=("Arial", 18, "normal"))
            turtle.pencolor("green")
            turtle.fd(40)
        elif i == '=':
            turtle.write('月',font=("Arial", 18, "normal"))
            turtle.pencolor("blue")
            turtle.fd(40)
        elif i == '+':
            turtle.write('日',font=("Arial", 18, "normal"))
        else:
            drawDigit(eval(i))
def main():
    turtle.setup(800, 350, 200, 200)
    turtle.penup()
    turtle.fd(-350)
    turtle.pensize(5)
#    drawDate('2018-10=10+')
    drawDate(time.strftime('%Y-%m=%d+',time.gmtime()))
    turtle.hideturtle()
    turtle.done()
main()

科赫曲线绘制

#KochDrawV1.py
import turtle
def koch(size, n):
    if n == 0:
        turtle.fd(size)
    else:
        for angle in [0, 60, -120, 60]:
           turtle.left(angle)
           koch(size/3, n-1)
def main():
    turtle.setup(800,400)
    turtle.penup()
    turtle.goto(-300, -50)
    turtle.pendown()
    turtle.pensize(2)
    koch(600,3)     # 0阶科赫曲线长度，阶数
    turtle.hideturtle()
main()

科赫雪花绘制

#KochDrawV2.py
import turtle
def koch(size, n):
    if n == 0:
        turtle.fd(size)
    else:
        for angle in [0, 60, -120, 60]:
           turtle.left(angle)
           koch(size/3, n-1)
def main():
    turtle.setup(600,600)
    turtle.penup()
    turtle.goto(-200, 100)
    turtle.pendown()
    turtle.pensize(2)
    level = 3      # 3阶科赫雪花，阶数
    koch(400,level)     
    turtle.right(120)
    koch(400,level)
    turtle.right(120)
    koch(400,level)
    turtle.hideturtle()
main()

（六）组合数据类型

基本统计值计算

#CalStatisticsV1.py
def getNum():       #获取用户不定长度的输入
    nums = []
    iNumStr = input("请输入数字(回车退出): ")
    while iNumStr != "":
        nums.append(eval(iNumStr))
        iNumStr = input("请输入数字(回车退出): ")
    return nums
 
def mean(numbers):  #计算平均值
    s = 0.0
    for num in numbers:
        s = s + num
    return s / len(numbers)
 
def dev(numbers, mean): #计算方差
    sdev = 0.0
    for num in numbers:
        sdev = sdev + (num - mean)**2
    return pow(sdev / (len(numbers)-1), 0.5)
 
def median(numbers):    #计算中位数
    sorted(numbers)
    size = len(numbers)
    if size % 2 == 0:
        med = (numbers[size//2-1] + numbers[size//2])/2
    else:
        med = numbers[size//2]
    return med
 
n =  getNum() #主体函数
m =  mean(n)
print("平均值:{},方差:{:.2},中位数:{}.".format(m, dev(n,m),median(n)))

文本词频统计

Hamlet词频统计

#CalHamletV1.py
def getText():
    txt = open("hamlet.txt", "r").read()
    txt = txt.lower()
    for ch in '!"#$%&()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_‘{|}~':
        txt = txt.replace(ch, " ")   #将文本中特殊字符替换为空格
    return txt
 
hamletTxt = getText()
words  = hamletTxt.split()
counts = {}
for word in words:           
    counts[word] = counts.get(word,0) + 1
items = list(counts.items())
items.sort(key=lambda x:x[1], reverse=True) 
for i in range(10):
    word, count = items[i]
    print ("{0:<10}{1:>5}".format(word, count))

《三国演义》人物出场统计（上）

#CalThreeKingdomsV1.py
import jieba
txt = open("threekingdoms.txt", "r", encoding='utf-8').read()
words  = jieba.lcut(txt)
counts = {}
for word in words:
    if len(word) == 1:
        continue
    else:
        counts[word] = counts.get(word,0) + 1
items = list(counts.items())
items.sort(key=lambda x:x[1], reverse=True) 
for i in range(15):
    word, count = items[i]
    print ("{0:<10}{1:>5}".format(word, count))

《三国演义》人物出场统计（下）

#CalThreeKingdomsV2.py
import jieba
excludes = {"将军","却说","荆州","二人","不可","不能","如此"}
txt = open("threekingdoms.txt", "r", encoding='utf-8').read()
words  = jieba.lcut(txt)
counts = {}
for word in words:
    if len(word) == 1:
        continue
    elif word == "诸葛亮" or word == "孔明曰":
        rword = "孔明"
    elif word == "关公" or word == "云长":
        rword = "关羽"
    elif word == "玄德" or word == "玄德曰":
        rword = "刘备"
    elif word == "孟德" or word == "丞相":
        rword = "曹操"
    else:
        rword = word
    counts[rword] = counts.get(rword,0) + 1
for word in excludes:
    del counts[word]
items = list(counts.items())
items.sort(key=lambda x:x[1], reverse=True) 
for i in range(10):
    word, count = items[i]
    print ("{0:<10}{1:>5}".format(word, count))

（七）文件和数据格式化

自动轨迹规制

#AutoTraceDraw.py
import turtle as t
t.title('自动轨迹绘制')
t.setup(800, 600, 0, 0)
t.pencolor("red")
t.pensize(5)
#数据读取
datals = []
f = open("data.txt")
for line in f:
    line = line.replace("\n","")
    datals.append(list(map(eval, line.split(","))))
f.close()
#自动绘制
for i in range(len(datals)):
    t.pencolor(datals[i][3],datals[i][4],datals[i][5])
    t.fd(datals[i][0])
    if datals[i][1]:
        t.rt(datals[i][2])
    else:
        t.lt(datals[i][2])

政府工作报告词云

常规矩形词云

#GovRptWordCloudv1.py
import jieba
import wordcloud
f = open("新时代中国特色社会主义.txt", "r", encoding="utf-8")
 
t = f.read()
f.close()
ls = jieba.lcut(t)
 
txt = " ".join(ls)
w = wordcloud.WordCloud( \
    width = 1000, height = 700,\
    background_color = "white",
    font_path = "msyh.ttc"    
    )
w.generate(txt)
w.to_file("grwordcloud.png")

不规则图形词云

#GovRptWordCloudv2.py
import jieba
import wordcloud
from scipy.misc import imread
mask = imread("chinamap.jpg")
excludes = { }
f = open("新时代中国特色社会主义.txt", "r", encoding="utf-8")
t = f.read()
f.close()
ls = jieba.lcut(t)
txt = " ".join(ls)
w = wordcloud.WordCloud(\
    width = 1000, height = 700,\
    background_color = "white",
    font_path = "msyh.ttc", mask = mask
    )
w.generate(txt)
w.to_file("grwordcloudm.png")

（八）程序设计方法学

体育竞技分析

#MatchAnalysis.py
from random import random
def printIntro():
    print("这个程序模拟两个选手A和B的某种竞技比赛")
    print("程序运行需要A和B的能力值（以0到1之间的小数表示）")
def getInputs():
    a = eval(input("请输入选手A的能力值(0-1): "))
    b = eval(input("请输入选手B的能力值(0-1): "))
    n = eval(input("模拟比赛的场次: "))
    return a, b, n
def simNGames(n, probA, probB):
    winsA, winsB = 0, 0
    for i in range(n):
        scoreA, scoreB = simOneGame(probA, probB)
        if scoreA > scoreB:
            winsA += 1
        else:
            winsB += 1
    return winsA, winsB
def gameOver(a,b):
    return a==15 or b==15
def simOneGame(probA, probB):
    scoreA, scoreB = 0, 0
    serving = "A"
    while not gameOver(scoreA, scoreB):
        if serving == "A":
            if random() < probA:
                scoreA += 1
            else:
                serving="B"
        else:
            if random() < probB:
                scoreB += 1
            else:
                serving="A"
    return scoreA, scoreB
def printSummary(winsA, winsB):
    n = winsA + winsB
    print("竞技分析开始，共模拟{}场比赛".format(n))
    print("选手A获胜{}场比赛，占比{:0.1%}".format(winsA, winsA/n))
    print("选手B获胜{}场比赛，占比{:0.1%}".format(winsB, winsB/n))
def main():
    printIntro()
    probA, probB, n = getInputs()
    winsA, winsB = simNGames(n, probA, probB)
    printSummary(winsA, winsB)
main()

第三方库安装

#BatchInstall.py
import os
libs = {"numpy","matplotlib","pillow","sklearn","requests",\
        "jieba","beautifulsoup4","wheel","networkx","sympy",\
        "pyinstaller","django","flask","werobot","pyqt5",\
        "pandas","pyopengl","pypdf2","docopt","pygame"}
try:
    for lib in libs:
        os.system("pip3 install "+lib)
    print("Successful")        
except:
    print("Failed Somehow")

（九）Python计算生态概览

霍兰德人格分析雷达图

#HollandRadarDraw
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib
matplotlib.rcParams['font.family']='SimHei'
radar_labels = np.array(['研究型(I)','艺术型(A)','社会型(S)',\
                         '企业型(E)','常规型(C)','现实型(R)']) #雷达标签
nAttr = 6
data = np.array([[0.40, 0.32, 0.35, 0.30, 0.30, 0.88],
                 [0.85, 0.35, 0.30, 0.40, 0.40, 0.30],
                 [0.43, 0.89, 0.30, 0.28, 0.22, 0.30],
                 [0.30, 0.25, 0.48, 0.85, 0.45, 0.40],
                 [0.20, 0.38, 0.87, 0.45, 0.32, 0.28],
                 [0.34, 0.31, 0.38, 0.40, 0.92, 0.28]]) #数据值
data_labels = ('艺术家', '实验员', '工程师', '推销员', '社会工作者','记事员')
angles = np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, nAttr, endpoint=False)
data = np.concatenate((data, [data[0]]))
angles = np.concatenate((angles, [angles[0]]))
fig = plt.figure(facecolor="white")
plt.subplot(111, polar=True)
plt.plot(angles,data,'o-', linewidth=1, alpha=0.2)
plt.fill(angles,data, alpha=0.25)
plt.thetagrids(angles*180/np.pi, radar_labels)
plt.figtext(0.52, 0.95, '霍兰德人格分析', ha='center', size=20)
legend = plt.legend(data_labels, loc=(0.94, 0.80), labelspacing=0.1)
plt.setp(legend.get_texts(), fontsize='large')
plt.grid(True)
plt.savefig('holland_radar.jpg')
plt.show()

玫瑰花绘制

#RoseDraw.py
import turtle as t
# 定义一个曲线绘制函数
def DegreeCurve(n, r, d=1):
    for i in range(n):
        t.left(d)
        t.circle(r, abs(d))
# 初始位置设定
s = 0.2 # size
t.setup(450*5*s, 750*5*s)
t.pencolor("black")
t.fillcolor("red")
t.speed(100)
t.penup()
t.goto(0, 900*s)
t.pendown()
# 绘制花朵形状
t.begin_fill()
t.circle(200*s,30)
DegreeCurve(60, 50*s)
t.circle(200*s,30)
DegreeCurve(4, 100*s)
t.circle(200*s,50)
DegreeCurve(50, 50*s)
t.circle(350*s,65)
DegreeCurve(40, 70*s)
t.circle(150*s,50)
DegreeCurve(20, 50*s, -1)
t.circle(400*s,60)
DegreeCurve(18, 50*s)
t.fd(250*s)
t.right(150)
t.circle(-500*s,12)
t.left(140)
t.circle(550*s,110)
t.left(27)
t.circle(650*s,100)
t.left(130)
t.circle(-300*s,20)
t.right(123)
t.circle(220*s,57)
t.end_fill()
# 绘制花枝形状
t.left(120)
t.fd(280*s)
t.left(115)
t.circle(300*s,33)
t.left(180)
t.circle(-300*s,33)
DegreeCurve(70, 225*s, -1)
t.circle(350*s,104)
t.left(90)
t.circle(200*s,105)
t.circle(-500*s,63)
t.penup()
t.goto(170*s,-30*s)
t.pendown()
t.left(160)
DegreeCurve(20, 2500*s)
DegreeCurve(220, 250*s, -1)
# 绘制一个绿色叶子
t.fillcolor('green')
t.penup()
t.goto(670*s,-180*s)
t.pendown()
t.right(140)
t.begin_fill()
t.circle(300*s,120)
t.left(60)
t.circle(300*s,120)
t.end_fill()
t.penup()
t.goto(180*s,-550*s)
t.pendown()
t.right(85)
t.circle(600*s,40)
# 绘制另一个绿色叶子
t.penup()
t.goto(-150*s,-1000*s)
t.pendown()
t.begin_fill()
t.rt(120)
t.circle(300*s,115)
t.left(75)
t.circle(300*s,100)
t.end_fill()
t.penup()
t.goto(430*s,-1070*s)
t.pendown()
t.right(30)
t.circle(-600*s,35)
t.done()

Python语言程序设计课程案例 @ 北理工MOOC

（一）Python基本语法元素

（二）Python基本图形绘制

（三）基本数据类型

天天向上的力量 第一问

天天向上的力量 第二问

天天向上的力量 第三问

天天向上的力量 第四问

文本进度条 简单的开始

文本进度条 单行动态刷新

文本进度条 实例完整效果

（四）程序的控制结构

BMI指数计算 版本1

BMI指数计算 版本2

BMI指数计算 版本3

圆周率计算 公式法

圆周率计算 蒙特卡罗方法

（五）函数和代码复用

七段数码管版本一

七段数码管版本二

科赫曲线绘制

科赫雪花绘制

（六）组合数据类型

基本统计值计算

文本词频统计

Hamlet词频统计

《三国演义》人物出场统计（上）

《三国演义》人物出场统计（下）

（七）文件和数据格式化

自动轨迹规制

政府工作报告词云

常规矩形词云

不规则图形词云

（八）程序设计方法学

体育竞技分析

第三方库安装

（九）Python计算生态概览

霍兰德人格分析雷达图

玫瑰花绘制

天天向上的力量第一问

天天向上的力量第二问

天天向上的力量第三问

天天向上的力量第四问

文本进度条简单的开始

文本进度条单行动态刷新

文本进度条实例完整效果

BMI指数计算版本1

BMI指数计算版本2

BMI指数计算版本3

圆周率计算公式法

圆周率计算蒙特卡罗方法